双活性基固色剂的合成及应用

以二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)和烯丙基缩水甘油醚(AGE)为原料,过硫酸钠为引发剂,合成了一种环保型双活性基固色剂P(DMDAAC-AGE).通过FT-IR、TG-DTA和SEM等表征了固色剂的结构和性能.讨论了影响固色剂P(DMDAAC-AGE)性能的主要因素.合成P(DMDAAC-AGE)的优化工艺条件为:单体n(AGE)∶n(DMDAAC)=1∶2,在水相介质中,反应混合液中总单体初始质量分数为30%,引发剂0.75%(对单体质量),引发剂和原料AGE的加料方式为连续滴加,80℃保温反应6 h.将合成的固色剂用于活性染料染棉织物的固色,湿摩擦牢度可达4级,干摩擦牢度可达4～5级,皂洗沾色牢度可达4级.     

灰皮脱灰技术的研究现状

介绍了传统的灰皮脱灰剂的性能和特点,综述了二氧化碳脱灰剂、镁盐脱灰剂、碳酸酯脱灰剂以及其它几种无铵脱：获剂的研究现状和应用前景。     

氧化镁铵盐法制备高纯过氧化镁

在氯化铵溶液体系中,以氧化镁,过氧化氢为原料,制备高纯过氧化镁。研究表明采用氧化镁活性大于100,氯化铵/氧化镁不小于10%,过氧化氢∶氧化镁不小于4∶1,反应温度大于40℃情况下,反应时间不小于30 min,可制备出纯度大于90%的过氧化镁。     

Structural and Thermal Characterization of A Novel High Nitrogen Energetic Material: (NH4)2DNMT

1,4‐Dihydro‐5H‐(dinitromethylene)‐tetrazole ammonium salt ((NH₄)₂DNMT), a high nitrogen energetic compound, was synthesized and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The thermal behavior of (NH₄)₂DNMT was studied with DSC and TG‐DTG methods. The kinetic equation of the thermal decomposition reaction is: dα/dT=10^13.17/3β(1−α)⁻² exp(−1.388×10⁵/RT). The critical temperature of thermal explosion is 182.7 °C. The specific heat capacity of (NH₄)₂DNMT was determined and the molar heat capacity is 301 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ at 298.15 K. The adiabatic time‐to‐explosion of (NH₄)₂DNMT was calculated to be 277 s. The detonation velocity and detonation pressure were also estimated. All results showed that (NH₄)₂DNMT presents good performance.     

Temperature effect on nitrogen removal performance and bacterial community in culture of marine anammox bacteria derived from sea-based waste disposal site

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria have been detected in variety of marine environment in recent years, however, there have been only a few studies on their characteristics in the culture. The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of temperature on nitrogen removal ability and bacterial community in a culture of marine anammox bacteria (MAAOB). The MAAOB were cultured from the sediment of a sea-based waste disposal site at the North Port of Osaka Bay in Japan. The maximum nitrogen removal rate (NRR) was observed at 25°C in the MAAOB culture, and it decreased both at below 20°C and over 33°C. The activation energy of the MAAOB culture was calculated to be 54.6 kJ mol(-1) in the 5°C to 30°C range. No significant change in bacterial community according with temperature (5-37°C) was confirmed in the results of polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Meanwhile, a number of bacteria related to the oxidation-reduction reaction of sulfur were confirmed and it is speculated that they involved in the activity of MAAOB and nitrogen removal ability in the culture.     

Adsorptive removal of nitrate and phosphate anions from aqueous solutions using functionalised SBA‐15: Effects of the organic functional group

Adsorption of nitrate and monovalent phosphate anions from aqueous solutions on mono, di‐ and tri‐ammonium‐functionalised mesoporous SBA‐15 silica was investigated. The adsorbents were prepared via a post‐synthesis grafting method, using either 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (N‐silane) or [1‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐3‐aminopropyl]trimethoxysilane (NN‐silane) or 1‐[3‐(trimethoxysilyl)‐propyl]‐diethylenetriamine (NNN‐silane), followed by acidification in HCl solution to convert the attached surface amino groups to positively charged ammonium moieties. The nominal loading of amino moieties on the SBA‐15 surface was varied from 5% to 20% as organoalkoxysilane/silica molar ratio. The adsorption experiments were conducted batchwise at room temperature. Results showed that adsorption capacity increased with increasing the concentration of monoammonium groups on the SBA‐15 adsorbent. Nitrate adsorption capacity increased from 0.34 to 0.66 mmol ${\rm NO}_{3}^{{-} } /{\rm g}$ adsorbent while phosphate adsorption capacity increased from 0.34 to 0.63 mmol ${\rm H}_{2} {\rm PO}_{4}^{{-} } /{\rm g}$ adsorbent when the molar ratio organoalkoxysilane/silica was varied from 5% to 20%, respectively. Also, for the same organoalkoxysilane/silica molar ratio of 10%, the adsorption capacity increased with the increase of the number of protonated amines in the functional groups. Therefore, maximum adsorption capacities of 0.80, 1.16 and 1.38 mmol ${\rm NO}_{3}^{{-} } /{\rm g}$ adsorbent and 0.72, 0.82 and 1.17 mmol ${\rm H}_{2} {\rm PO}_{4}^{{-} } /{\rm g}$ adsorbent were obtained using mono‐, di‐ and triammonium functionalised SBA‐15 adsorbents, respectively. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

Silicate-based polymer-nanocomposite membranes for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells have emerged as a promising emission free technology to fulfill the existing power requirements of the 21st century. Nafion^® is the most widely accepted and commercialized membrane to date and possesses excellent electrochemical properties below 80 °C, under highly humidified conditions. However, a decrease in the proton conductivity of Nafion^® above 80 °C and lower humidity along with high membrane cost has prompted the development of new membranes and techniques. Addition of inorganic fillers, especially silicate-based nanomaterials, to the polymer membrane was utilized to partially overcome the aforementioned limitations. This is because of the lower cost, easy availability, high hydrophilicity and higher thermal stability of the inorganic silicates. Addition of silicates to the polymer membrane has also improved the mechanical, thermal and barrier properties, along with water uptake of the composite membranes, resulting in superior performance at higher temperature compared to that of the virgin membrane. However, the degrees of dispersion and interaction between the organic polymer and inorganic silicates play vital roles in improving the key properties of the membranes. Hence, different techniques and solvent media were used to improve the degrees of nanofiller dispersion and the physico-chemical properties of the membranes. This review focuses mainly on the techniques of silicate-based nanocomposite fabrication and the resulting impact on the membrane properties.     

硫化铵提取铅渣中硫工艺条件的研究

研究硫化铵浸取单质硫,探求铅渣中提取硫最佳工艺条件。结果表明：硫化铵浸取单质硫最佳工艺条件是液固比为3∶1,硫化铵溶液浓度为140g/L,硫与硫化铵的摩尔比为1∶0.4,浸出时间为25min,硫的浸出率达到98%。     

硝酸铵水溶液在工业炸药生产中的应用

将硝酸铵水溶液直接应用于工业炸药的生产,不仅使硝酸铵生产厂家节省了结晶能耗、包装材料成本及包装的人工成本,又使炸药生产厂家节约破碎人工成本和溶解的能耗。针对其它研究者对硝酸铵水溶液使用的研究,以及本公司在使用中存在的一些问题,对硝酸铵水溶液的应用系统、质量要求、安全性、效益性及存在的问题进行了分析。     

新型蓖麻油基季铵盐的合成及其抑菌性能研究

以蓖麻油酸甲酯为起始原料,与N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺和溴化苄、溴乙烷通过酰胺化反应和季铵化反应生成了新型蓖麻油基季铵盐,其结构经FTIR、1HNMR、13CNMR及ESI-MS进行了确证。采用抑菌圈直径法对目标产物的抑菌性能进行了测试,结果表明,两种季铵盐均有一定的抑菌活性,N,N-二甲基-N-乙基-蓖麻油酸酰胺丙基溴化铵的抑菌活性略强于N,N-二甲基-N-苄基-蓖麻油酸酰胺丙基溴化铵。